Evidence-Based
Oncology Dietetics
in Australian Cancer Care
Introduction
Oncology dietitians play a critical role in supporting cancer patients across the entire cancer care continuum. Nutrition plays a fundamental role in improving treatment outcomes, managing symptoms, reducing side effects, and enhancing overall well-being. This document highlights the evidence-based benefits of nutrition intervention in cancer care, with references to Dietitians Australia and other key professional bodies.
Pre - Treatment Phase
Preparing for Cancer Therapy
Before commencing cancer treatment, optimizing nutritional status is essential to improve treatment tolerance and recovery. Malnutrition or unintentional weight loss prior to treatment can lead to poorer outcomes, increased toxicity, and reduced treatment efficacy.
Key Benefits:
-
Enhances immune function and resilience to treatment side effects
-
Reduces risk of malnutrition and weight loss
-
Improves strength and energy levels
-
Supports gut health to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms
Research & Guidelines:
-
Dietitians Australia states that early nutrition intervention leads to better clinical outcomes in oncology patients.
-
The Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA) emphasizes the role of dietitians in prehabilitation strategies to optimize health before treatment.
During Treatment Phase
Managing Symptoms & Treatment Side Effects
Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy can cause significant side effects, impacting nutritional intake and overall well-being.
Key Benefits:
-
Reduces nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite
-
Helps manage taste changes and oral complications (e.g., mucositis, dry mouth)
-
Supports gastrointestinal health and minimizes diarrhoea or constipation Maintains muscle mass and functional strength
-
Supports hydration and nutrient absorption
Research & Guidelines:
-
The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommend individualized nutrition support for cancer patients to prevent treatment-related malnutrition.
-
Studies show that oncology dietitian interventions improve calorie and protein intake, preserving lean body mass and improving treatment tolerance.
Post-Treatment Phase
Recovery & Long-Term Health
Nutrition continues to play a pivotal role in recovery after cancer treatment, helping patients regain strength, improve immune function, and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Key Benefits:
-
Supports weight maintenance and metabolic health
-
Enhances muscle recovery and energy levels
-
Strengthens immune function and reduces inflammation
-
Lowers the risk of cancer recurrence through healthy eating patterns
Research & Guidelines:
-
Dietitians Australia promotes the adoption of a plant-based, whole-food diet for cancer survivors to support long-term health.
-
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) highlights the role of nutrition in reducing recurrence risk through dietary modifications.
Living with Advanced Cancer
Enhancing Quality of Life
For individuals living with advanced cancer, nutrition therapy focuses on maintaining comfort, preventing weight loss, and managing symptoms that impact quality of life.
Key Benefits:
-
Provides adequate energy and protein for strength and function
-
Manages cachexia and muscle wasting
-
Supports digestion and minimizes gastrointestinal discomfort
-
Improves overall quality of life and reduces fatigue
Research & Guidelines:
-
COSA recommends palliative nutrition strategies to enhance well-being and maintain nutritional intake.
-
Studies demonstrate that tailored dietary interventions improve symptom control and patient-reported quality of life outcomes.
Conclusion
Oncology dietitians are essential members of the cancer care team, providing evidence-based nutritional support across the full cancer care continuum. Their expertise in managing treatment side effects, optimizing recovery, and enhancing quality of life is well-documented in Australian and international guidelines.
For optimal cancer care, integrating dietetic services into treatment plans ensures better patient outcomes, improved treatment tolerance, and enhanced survivorship
References:
-
Dietitians Australia: Oncology Nutrition Position Statement
-
Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA) Nutrition Guidelines
-
World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) Reports on Diet and Cancer
-
Australian Dietary Guidelines for Cancer Survivorship